科学、合理的调查体系设计是保障各项调查工作顺利开展并保证调查数据质量的前提。当前大数据时代的来临，客观上要求我们在统计调查体系方面进行相应改革，以充分挖掘大数据在政府统计中的利用潜力。文章从思想意识、思维方式、工作作风、调查方法、调查手段、调查内容、调查项目、调查指标以及数据发布与后续分析等内外多角度对中国政府统计调查体系提出一系列改革设想。这套体系通过解决现行调查体系存在的各类问题，将传统的调查方法与新式的电子化记录数据结合起来，整合利用各类大数据资源，目标是更加准确、及时、全面和连续地产生各类宏观时间序列数据和微观纵向数据，以此推进中国统计管理体制的改革与发展。 Scientific and reasonable survey system design is the premise to ensure the smooth development of various investigation work and the quality of survey data. The advent of the era of big data objectively requires us to carry out corresponding reform in the statistical investigation system, so as to fully tap the potential of big data in government statistics. This paper puts forward a series of reform ideas for China's government statistical survey system from the perspectives of ideology, mode of thinking, work style, survey methods, survey means, survey content, survey items, survey indicators, data release and follow-up analysis. This system solves all kinds of problems existing in the current survey system, combines the traditional survey methods with the new electronic recording data, integrates and utilizes all kinds of big data resources. The goal is to produce all kinds of macro time series data and micro vertical data more accurately, timely, comprehensively and continuously, so as to promote the reform and development of China's statistical management system.